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Monday, September 04, 2006
 
Solaris 10/Oracle: Fixing ORA-27102: out of memory Error

Symptom:

As part of a database tuning effort you increase the SGA/PGA sizes; and Oracle greets with an ORA-27102: out of memory error message. The system had enough free memory to serve the needs of Oracle.
SQL> startup
ORA-27102: out of memory
SVR4 Error: 22: Invalid argument

Diagnosis
$ oerr ORA 27102
27102, 00000, "out of memory"
// *Cause: Out of memory
// *Action: Consult the trace file for details

Not so helpful. Let's look the alert log for some clues.
% tail -2 alert.log
WARNING: EINVAL creating segment of size 0x000000028a006000
fix shm parameters in /etc/system or equivalent

Oracle is trying to create a 10G shared memory segment (depends on SGA/PGA sizes), but operating system (Solaris in this example) responded with an invalid argument (EINVAL) error message. There is a little hint about setting shm parameters in /etc/system.

Prior to Solaris 10, shmsys:shminfo_shmmax parameter has to be set in /etc/system with maximum memory segment value that can be created. 8M is the default value on Solaris 9 and prior versions; where as 1/4th of the physical memory is the default on Solaris 10 and later. On a Solaris 10 (or later) system, it can be verified as shown below:
% prtconf | grep Mem
Memory size: 32760 Megabytes

% id -p
uid=59008(oracle) gid=10001(dba) projid=3(default)

% prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -i project 3
project: 3: default
NAME    PRIVILEGE       VALUE    FLAG   ACTION                       RECIPIENT
project.max-shm-memory
        privileged      7.84GB      -   deny                                 -
        system          16.0EB    max   deny                                 -

Now it is clear that the system is using the default value of 8G in this scenario, where as the application (Oracle) is trying to create a memory segment (10G) larger than 8G. Hence the failure.

So, the solution is to configure the system with a value large enough for the shared segment being created, so Oracle succeeds in starting up the database instance.

On Solaris 9 and prior releases, it can be done by adding the following line to /etc/system, followed by a reboot for the system to pick up the new value.

set shminfo_shmmax = 0x000000028a006000

However shminfo_shmmax parameter was obsoleted with the release of Solaris 10; and Sun doesn't recommend setting this parameter in /etc/system even though it works as expected.

On Solaris 10 and later, this value can be changed dynamically on a per project basis with the help of resource control facilities . This is how we do it on Solaris 10 and later:
% prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -r -v 10G -i project 3

% prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -i project 3
project: 3: default
NAME    PRIVILEGE       VALUE    FLAG   ACTION                       RECIPIENT
project.max-shm-memory
        privileged      10.0GB      -   deny                                 -
        system          16.0EB    max   deny                                 -

Note that changes made with the prctl command on a running system are temporary, and will be lost when the system is rebooted. To make the changes permanent, create a project with projadd command and associate it with the user account as shown below:
% projadd -p 102  -c 'eBS benchmark' -U oracle -G dba  -K 'project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,10G,deny)' OASB
% usermod -K project=OASB oracle

Finally make sure the project is created with projects -l or cat /etc/project commands.
% projects -l
...
...
OASB
        projid : 102
        comment: "eBS benchmark"
        users  : oracle
        groups : dba
        attribs: project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,10737418240,deny)

% cat /etc/project
...
...
OASB:102:eBS benchmark:oracle:dba:project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,10737418240,deny)

With these changes, Oracle would start the database up normally.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1.0905E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  1316080 bytes
Variable Size            4429966096 bytes
Database Buffers         6442450944 bytes
Redo Buffers               31457280 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

Related information:

  1. What's New in Solaris System Tuning in the Solaris 10 Release?
  2. Resource Controls (overview)
  3. System Setup Recommendations for Solaris 8 and Solaris 9
  4. Man page of prctl(1)
  5. Man page of projadd


Addendum : Oracle RAC settings

Anonymous Bob suggested the following settings for Oracle RAC in the form of a comment for the benefit of others who run into similar issue(s) when running Oracle RAC. I'm pasting the comment as is (Disclaimer: I have not verified these settings):

Thanks for a great explanation, I would like to add one comment that will help those with an Oracle RAC installation. Modifying the default project covers oracle processes great and is all that is needed for a single instance DB. In RAC however, the CRS process starts the DB and it is a root owned process and root does not use the default project. To fix ORA-27102 issue for RAC I added the following lines to an init script that runs before the init.crs script fires.

# Recommended Oracle RAC system params
ndd -set /dev/udp udp_xmit_hiwat 65536
ndd -set /dev/udp udp_recv_hiwat 65536

# For root processes like crsd
prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -r -v 8G -i project system
prctl -n project.max-shm-ids -r -v 512 -i project system

# For oracle processes like sqlplus
prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -r -v 8G -i project default
prctl -n project.max-shm-ids -r -v 512 -i project default

So simple yet it took me a week working with Oracle and SUN to come up with that answer...Hope that helps someone out.

Bob
# posted by Blogger Bob : 6:48 AM, April 25, 2008

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Comments:
Thank you for your clear and helpful explanation and instructions!!
 
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Excellent! Thank you very much.
 
Thanks for a great explanation, I would like to add one comment that will help those with an Oracle RAC installation. Modifying the default project covers oracle processes great and is all that is needed for a single instance DB. In RAC however, the CRS process starts the DB and it is a root owned process and root does not use the default project. To fix ORA-27102 issue for RAC I added the following lines to an init script that runs before the init.crs script fires.

# Recommended Oracle RAC system params
ndd -set /dev/udp udp_xmit_hiwat 65536
ndd -set /dev/udp udp_recv_hiwat 65536
# For root processes like crsd
prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -r -v 8G -i project system
prctl -n project.max-shm-ids -r -v 512 -i project system
# For oracle processes like sqlplus
prctl -n project.max-shm-memory -r -v 8G -i project default
prctl -n project.max-shm-ids -r -v 512 -i project default

So simple yet it took me a week working with Oracle and SUN to come up with that answer...Hope that helps someone out.

Bob
 
Wonderful solution.. it worked for me.. great.. Ananth - UK
 
helpful blog!
 
Handy!
 
Thanks ... Great and simple explanation ..please keep up the good work. Requesting more info from you.

Al
 
Many Thanks to Giri and Bob for their clear instructions.

Abdulbari - KSA
 
Thank you for this helpful explanation.
May be you need to set default project to user oracle.
This command can do that:
usermod -K project=OABS oracle

otherwise, oracle still use project 3 (default)
 
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I followed the instructions but still receive the same error message even on a startup nomount. Any ideas?
 
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